-fiRst AiD

1. 4P’s ( aim of firat aid)
~ Preserve life
~ Promote recovery
~ Prevent condition from getting worse
~ Protect the unconsciousness

2. 5B (which type of condition is worse)
~ Breathing
~ Bleeding
~ Broken Bones
~ Bruise
~ Burns

3. How you approach casualty? (DRABCD)
- Danger
- Respond
- Airway
- Breathing
- Compression
- Defribulator

4. What is first aid?
~ First aid is an immediate treatment given to a casualty before the arrival of ambulance, doctor or medical expert.

5. Contents of first aid kid
- Adhesive and butterfly bandages
- Self adhesive roller bandage
- Sterile gauze pads
- Large wound dressing
- Non-adhesive dressings
- Thermoter
- Latex gloves
- Large plastic bag
- Safety Pins
- Scissors
- Tweezers and needles
- Alcohol pads
- Surgical tape

6. What is AVPU?
A- Alert
V- Voice
P- Pain
U- Unconscious

7. When we use AVPU?
When we are checking responds.

8. What is Bruise?
- Bruise is suspected fractures or internal bleeding.

9. What is the treatment for Bruise?
-RICE

10. What is RICE?
R- Rest
I- Ice
C- Compress
E- Elevate

11. What is CPR stands for?
C- Cardio
P- Pulmonory
R- Resuscitation

12. How much we do when we do CPR?
- 2 quick blows
- 30 compression
- 5 cycles

13. What is the type of bleeding?
- Artery bleeding
- Bleeding from veins
- Bleeding from capillaries

14. What is the type of wound?
- Puncture wound
- Incised wound (aka clean cut)
- Gunshot wound (entry & exit wound, exit wound is bigger than entry)
- Contusion
- Abrasion
- Laceration
- Stab wound (the knife go into the hand)

15. What is the two types of fractures?
- Open fracture
- Close fracture

16. What is the types of closed fracture?
- Greenstick fracture
- Simple fracture
- Comunited fracture

17. When the casualty had thigh fracture, what treatment should we give?
- 3 Broad bandage (1 at knee, 1 above and below fracture part)
- 1 narrow bandage (at the feet)

18. When the casualty had Shin fracture, what treatment should we give?
- 1 Broad bandage (at the knee)
- 3 Narrow bandage

19. When the casualty had Kneecap fracture/dislocation, what treatment should we give?
- 1 Broad bandage
- 1 Narrow bandage

20. When the casualty had Polvis fracture, what treatment should we give?
- 1 Broad bandage
- 1 Narrow bandage

21. What is Open fracture?
- Open fracture is the bone jerking out from the skin and the blood flowing from the wound.

22. What is the signs and symptoms of fracture?
- Bruise
- Deformity
- Casualty cannot move fored part

23. What is the types of burns?
- Dry burn, cause by flames, hot object, friction
- Scald burn, cause by steam, hot liquids
- Electrical burn, cause by low or high voltage current, lightning strikes
- Cold injury, cause by frostbite, freezing metal or vapours
- Chemical burn, cause by chemicals, acid or alkali
- Radiation burn, cause by sun burn, ultra violet or X-ray

24. What is the name of 1st degree of burns?
- Superficial burn

25. What is name of the 2nd degree of burns?
- Partial-thickness burn

26. What is the name of 3rd degree of burns?
- Full-thickness burn

27. What is the treatment for burn?
- Apply enough water on the burns/ wound.

28. What is Choking?
- A foreign object that obstructs the casualty’s airway.

29. What is the signs and symptoms of choking?
- Universal sign(the casualty puts her/his hand on the neck)
- Face turn pale
- casualty hard to talk and breath

30. What is the treatment for choking?
- For conscious casualty, use “Hemliech Manuever”
- For unconscious casualty, use CPR

31. Why we want bandaging?
- Fractures or bleeding
- Control bleeding
- Immobalise casualty

32. If the casualty upper arm/ forearm fractures, what should we do?
- use arm sling

33. If the casualty fingers/shoulder fractures, what should we do?
- use Elevation sling/St. john sling/E. sling

34. If the casualty’s head injuries, what should we do?
- Scalp bandage

35. What is the sign and symptom of spinal cold injury?
- Redness found on casualty’s spine and neck
- Casualty cannot move at all, pain if move
- Vrine comes out from bladder
- Saliva comes out from mouth

36. What is the treatment for spinal cold injury?
- Immobilies the casualty (put lapply less movement)
- Ensure the airway is open (Head till, chin lift)

37. What is transport?
- a way of removing a casualty safety from danger.

38. List out all type of transport.
- Human crutch method
- Two human crutch method
- Cradle method (darling method)
- Piggy back /Pick-a-back
- Two handle seat
- Three handle seat
- Four handle seat
- Chairlift
- Drag method
- Fore and aft carry
- Lift and drag method
- Stretcher
- Blanket lift

39. What are the rules or principal of transport?
- Safe grip
- Straight back
- Knees bent
- Arm close to the body and elbow fixed
- Feed a part
- Seek help if necessary

40. What is the scientific name of the bones in fore arm?
- Ulna
- Radius

41. What is the scientific name of the bones in wrist?
- Capals
- Metacapals

42. What is the scientific name of the bone in finger?
- Phalanges

43. What is the scientific name of the bone in upper arm?
- Humerous

44. What is the scientific name of the bone in toes?
- Phalanx

45. What is the scientific name of the bone in feet?
- Metatarsals

46. What is the scientific name of the bone in thigh?
- Femur

47. What is the scientific name of the bone in kneecap?
- Patella

48. What is the scientific name of the bones in shin?
- Tibia
- Fibula

49. What is the scientific name of the bone in ankle?
- Tarsals

50. What is the scientific name of the bone in heel?
- Calcanious

51. What is the normal pulse for a normal human pulse?
- 60 to 80

52. What is the treatment for open fracture?
- Apply ringpad and tie a bandage to secure the ringpad

53. What is amputation?
- a part of our body like hand had been cut off

54. What is the treatment for amputation?
- Apply bandage to control bleeding
- Find the amputated part and place it in a plastic
- Put the plastic in an icebox or any place which has ice

55. Which transport need
a)Two first aider
- Two handle seat
- Three handle seat
- Four handle seat
- Human crutch
- Fore and aft
- Chairlift
b )One first aider
- Lift and drag
- Drag
- Cradle
- Human crutch
- pick a back

56. What is truma case?
- the casualty is suffering for more than one injury

57. What are the things that you should not do on CPR?
- Don’t laugh
- Hand don’t touch on the floor
- Don’t panic
- When compressing, lift up your palm, body straight, lock your elbow
- Don’t be too rough to the casualty

58. What is shock?
- condition worse there is insummiciend blood supply to the vital (important) organ

59. List out the types of shock.
a) Anathylatic shock
- Cause by allergen
b) Hytobolemic shock
- Cause by the lose of body
c) Jeptic shock
- Cause by severe infection
d) Cardiogenic shock
- Cause by failure of the heary to pump blood
e) Poycogenic shock
- Cause by fear, sudden bad news
f) Neurogenic shock
- Cause by failure of the nervous system

60. What is the treatment for shock?
- Cover the casualty with blanket
- Moisture casualty lips but not drink!!!
- If the casualty feels hot, fan the casualty
- Elevate the casualty’s head to promote blood circulation
- Talk to the casualty non-stop and don’t make the casualty panic

61. What is SPRAIN?
- A tear of ligament

62. What is STRAIN?
- Over stretching of muscle of tendon

63. What is the treatment for Sprain and Strain?
- RICE